Card clothing



United States Patent 3,204,297 CARD CLOTHING Mamoru Wad'a, Yasakacho 3-ch0me 268, Neyagawa, Japan Filed Nov. 6, 1962, Ser. No. 235,762 Claims priority, application Japan, July 12, 1962, 37/2S,716 1 Claim. (CL '19114) This invention relates to an improvement in card clothing of the class employed for carding and opening textile fibre materials such as cotton, jute, synthetics and blends of fibres, and relates more particularly to an improved and novel character of carding tooth of both the metallic and fillet types.

More specifically, an object of the invention is to provide an improved tooth profile or form of card tooth wherein it is composed of two integral portions, a base and a top, the base portion being substantially the same as the conventional one, while the top or working portion being sharply edged when viewed in the direction of tooth movement. More particularly, the bottom width or dimension of the top portion is the same as that of the base portion but the side of the top portion is so inclined upwardly as to form a sharp edge or a substantially triangular shape when viewed in the direction of tooth movement.

This feature is applicable not only to a metallic type tooth but also to a fillet type tooth.

In case of a metallic type tooth, according to a preferred embodiment of the invention, the above-stated improved tooth profile characteristics may be combined with novel side configurational characteristics of the tooth thereby assuring a more effective carding operation, as more fully described hereinafter.

The invention will be more readily understood by reference to the attached drawings each shown in exaggerated scale, wherein:

FIG. 1 is a fragmental side view of one form of the conventional metallic wires for card clothing;

FIG. 2 is a view as seen in the direction of II-II of FIG. 1 of a plurality of the metallic wires in their relative positions when they are wound on a base;

FIG. 3 is a view similar to FIG. 2 but showing another conventional profile of tooth;

FIG. 4 is a fragmental side view of an improved form of metallic wire according to the invention;

FIG. 5 is a view as seen in the direction of VV of FIG. 4 of a plurality of the metallic wires in their relative positions when they are wound on a base;

FIG. 6 is a view similar to FIG. 5 but showing another improved profile of tooth according to the invention;

FIG. 7 is a view similar to FIG. 2 but showing the tooth profile of the conventional fillet type card clothing;

FIG. 8 is a view similar to FIG. 7 showing an improved tooth profile of the fillet type card clothing according to the invention; and

FIG. 9 is a side view of the tooth shown in FIG. 7 and also in FIG. 8.

For a better understanding of the invention, typical conventional metallic wires will be first described in connection with the tooth forms shown in FIGS. 1, 2 and 3.

In FIG. 1, a conventional form of metallic wire is fragmentally shown in side view. It is noted that this metallic wire has a relatively narrow bight space 15, a Wide tooth angle ,8 and a high tooth height H According to the conventional practice, the angle [8 is -30 and the tooth height H is 2.5-3.0 mm. In the conventional metallic wire, it has been necessary to vary the tooth pitch S depending upon the kinds of fibres. Thus a particular tooth designed for a particular fibre, e.g.

ice

cotton can not be successfully used for carding another fibre, e. g., synthetic fibre.

In FIGS. 2 and 3, which show two teeth in adjacent wires side by side on a base, tooth profiles representative of those used prior to this invention are shown. According to the conventional art of the metallic wire, the tooth profile is such that the base or root of a top or working portion 10 or 10' is inwardly offset or stepped on one side (FIG. 3) or both sides (FIG. 2) from a base portion 11 or 11' on which said working portion is integrally formed, with the result that the bottom width W or W of the Working portion is reduced to, for example, 0.4-0.5 mm. as compared with the base portion width A and A which is generally 0.7-1.0 mm.

Further, the tooth tip width C or C is not allowed to have a small size but remains rather wide, for example, 0.2-0.3 mm., probably from the viewpoint of structural strength. Thus, the tooth profile angle 'y or 73 hence the space angle 0 or 0 remains inevitably at a small degree. Since the conventional teeth are thus shaped, fibres when processed with such metallic wire tend to clog permanently in the form of an undesirable compacted mass in the bottom of the spaces defined by rows of teeth, as analogously supposed from the principle of wedge effect. The fibres once clogging in the space bottoms are diflicult to remove therefrom during the carding operation, thereby necessitating frequent cleaning operations thereof while the machine is stopped, which prevents the possibility of extended period of a continuous carding operation and hence its efficiency. Due to this obstinate occupation of the deeply clogging fibres in tooth rows as well as due to the fact that the tooth tip width C or C is not allowed to have a small value, the effective length of the teeth taking part in the carding action is limited only to the length closely adjacent the tooth tip and the fibre-arresting power is relatively small. Thus, an ideal satisfactory carding operation is hardly expectable with these conventional tooth forms.

It appears that such design of the conventional metallic wires has resulted from the assumption that the carding action would depend chieflly upon a mechanical action developed between the cylinder and the flats. Thus, the energy of air current caused by the rotational movement of the cylinder at a high speed has long been neglected and not utilized effectively and actively. In these conventional circumstances, it is very difiicult to satisfactorily process fibre materials particularly such fibres as are inferior in textile-processability.

Now, improved tooth forms constructed according to the present invention will be more fully described with reference to FIGS. 4, 5 and 6.

In FIG. 4, an improved metallic wire is fragmentally shown in side view. As shown, according to a preferred embodiment of the invention, this metallic wire has a far wider bight space 25 as compared with the conventional space 15 shown in FIG. 1, a narrower tooth angle 6 and a lower tooth height H Owing to the merits of the improved tooth profile characteristics which will be fully described below, both the tooth angle and the tooth height which have heretofore been inevitably relatively large and high respectively,'from structural considerations may safely be decreased, for example, to 14-20 degrees ([3 and 1.5-1.8 mm. (H respectively.

As shown in FIGS. 5 and 6, which show two teeth in adjacent wires side by side on a base, the tooth profile according to this invention is such that a top or working portion 20 or 20 is offset in neither one side nor both sides so as to have its bottom width W or W equal to the width A or A of a base portion 21 and 21' and the width of the tooth tip is reduced to a minimum or substantially pointed as shown at C or C with the result that the tooth profile angle 7 or y hence the space angle or 0 is considerably larger than conventional one. Thus, as clearly shown in FIGS. 5 and 6, thetooth profile of the invention comprises a substantially tip pointed triangular working portion as viewed in'the direction of tooth movement, and having a height H, in sharp contrast with the substantially rectangular working or top portion of the conventional tooth profile shown in FIGS. 2 and 3. The angle 0 or 0 (7 is 2440.

The teeth formed according to the invention have a distinguished ability to arrest fibres and a remarkably high moment of inertia of area for a given tooth height as compared with the conventional teeth having the same tooth height, so that the strength resistant to bending loads is highly increased.

As previously stated, it has heretofore been necessary to vary the tooth pitch S depending upon the kinds of fibres. On the contrary, in the teeth of the invention such variation of the tooth pitch depending upon the kinds of ,fibre is no more necessary. Indeed it has been found that a fixed pitch 5., preferably within the range from 14 teeth/ in. to 16 teeth/in. (for flat card) and from 10 teeth/in. to 14 teeth/in. (for roller card) serves equally well for any usual kinds of fibres, if the teeth are constructed according to this invention. crease in the bight space 25, which increase, in turn, has been made possible thanks to the particular tooth profile of this invention assuring higher strength.

Because the teeth profiled according to the invention have substantially sharpened or 'pointed tips, they are high in fibre-arresting power; and also because the angle 0 or 0 is large, the fibre being treated with such teeth show substantially no tendency to collect or deposit in the bottoms of the spaces defined by the rows of teeth, and. those fibres which have entered deeply in the space bottoms can be easily removed therefrom by the air currents as well as centrifugal force during operation. Thus, the

phenomenon so-called clogging cotton rarely occur and the action of air currents can be extended always far to the bottoms of the spaces, whereby the entire length of each of the teeth effectively takes part in the carding operation while maintaining desired fibre-arresting and transferring power thereof, thus producing a maximum carding effect as well as a maximum output. Undesirable materials such as short fibres and impurities which are separated from the work material while moving with the latter can be easily transferred toward the tooth tip by the said action of air currents. Further, owing to the im-. proved tooth profile which allows the air currents to flowsmoothly along the tooth spaces, there is substantially no tendency for fibres to clog in the tooth spaces, so that frequent cleaning of the cylinder is no more required. Thus, a continuous operation is made possible for a prolonged period of time, and any desired textile materials including such as have heretofore been difilcult to card can be treated with ease as they rarely tend to clog. A (or A is 0.8-1.2 mm.

From the foregoing, it will be apparent that this invention provides an improved metallic or garnet wire wherein the top or working portion of the tooth has a bottom of a width which is the same or substantially the same with the base profile width and the working portion is re-' duced to a minimum or is pointed, thereby to increase the fibre-arresting power while maintaining a sufiiciently high strength of the tooth, at the same time, utilizing the inclined side edges of the teeth to prevent the clogging of fibres in the space bottomsand the clogging of impurities and also to enhance the action of air currents to a maximum,

This partly owes to the inscribed in connection with the fillet type card clothing.

As is known, a conventional tooth wire is parallel throughout its length or, as shown in FIG. 7, the root of a working section 30 is inwardly olfset or stepped on both sides from a base section 31 on which said working section is integrally formed. Further, similarly to the previously mentioned conventional metallic wire, the tooth tip is fiat when viewed in the direction of tooth movement as well shown in FIG. 7.

According to the invention, this tooth is improved by so arranging that, as shown in FIG. 8, a Working section 40 has its bottom width W equal to the width A as a base section 41 and has its top substantiallypointed thereby providing a substantially triangular working sec tion when viewed in the direction of tooth movement. By this arrangement the advantages as mentioned in connection with metallic carding teeth are also obtained.

FIG. 9 shows a side elevation of the tooth shown in FIG. 7 and also of the toothshown in FIG. 8, the side elevational views of the teeth shown in FIGS. 7 and 8 being substantially the same with each other.

, As will be understood, the carding teeth, both metallic and fillet types, are made of substantially rigid metallic material and may be arranged in a well known manner, the feature of the invention is solely in the particular shape or .profile of each tooth. However, the configuration of the base portion is same as that of conventional one, the feature being in the configuration of the working portion.

What I claim is:

A metallic card wire for card clothing comprising a base section and a plurality of upper working tooth sections integral with the base section, each of said upper working tooth sections being substantially rigid and having a triangular cross section as viewed in the direction transverse to the direction of movement of the card clothing and being raked forwardly in the direction of movement of the card clothing, the tooth sections being at a pitch of from 10 to 16 tooth sections per inch, the lower ends of said triangular upper working tooth sections being spaced from each other, said upper working tooth sections having a tooth angle of fromv 1420 and the tooth section height being from 1.5-1.8 mm., the profiles of the upper working tooth section as viewed in a section transverse to the direction in which the card clothing moves being triangular and having a tooth sectionprofile angle of from 2440 and the base of the upper working tooth sections being the same width as the width of the base section.

References Cited by the Examiner UNITED STATES PATENTS 6,778 1849 Sargent 1997 202,370 4/78 Pendleton 1997 213,876 4/79 Cunningham 19-114 401,991 4/89 Ashworth et al. 19114 878,348 2/08 C-obbett 19-112 927,955 7/09 Dixon 19--97 2,832,098 4/58 Mee 19-14 FOREIGN PATENTS 1,043,466 6/ 5 3 France.

1,508 11/77 7 Germany. 362,041 12/31 Great Britain. 734,129 9 7/55 Great Britain.

DONALD W. PARKER, Primary Examiner. 

